Germany's Panzerkampfwagen II, SdKfz 121, light tank; Industrial Tractor 100; LaS 100

Photos

PzKpfw II, medical, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:
PzKpfw II, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:
PzKpfw II, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:
PzKpfw II, 1st Battalion Company:	5cm Pak 38 auf Fgst PzKpfw II:	PzKpfw II light tank on parade in Tripoli	Panzerkampfwagen I and Panzerkampfwagen II light tanks: Mark Holloway
PzKpfw II, light tank:	PzKpfw II, light tank:

Design

The Germany Army wanted the PzKpfw II to be a training tank, like the PzKpfw I.² It was to be used until the PzKpfw III and PzKpfw IV became available in the late 1930s.²

In 1932⁸ / July 1934, the Army Weapons Department put out specifications for a 10 ton armored vehicle, that had a 20 mm gun in a fully revolving turret.^2,7 Henschel, Krupp, and MAN worked on designs.^6,9 Krupp used it's PzKpfw I prototype and installed a 20 mm gun and MG in the turret. The Henschel and MAN prototypes were similar but had different suspensions.⁸ The one by Augsburg-Nuremburg Machine Works (MAN) was selected for a pre-production run.^2,6,9

Hull

The hull was made from welded heat-treated steel.^6,9

Crew

The driver sat on the left side.⁹ The fighting compartment was also located on the left side.⁶

Engine

The engine was mounted in the rear with the drive sprocket in the front.^3,5,9

Turret

The PzKpfw II's turret was constructed of welded steel.⁹ The turret was slightly set to the left.⁹

Main Armament

The 20 mm KwK38 could fire 450 rounds/minute.⁴ The AP shell weighed 0.31 lbs and had a muzzle velocity of 2,559'/second.⁴ It was fed by 10 round magazines.^4,5 Could penetrate 24 mm of armor at 500 yards. It's maximum effective range was 656 yards (600 m).

The PzKpfw II carried 180 rounds of 20 mm ammunition and 1,425 rounds of machine gun ammunition.⁹

Prototype

From 1935-1937 MAN completed several prototypes.² These were designated the Landwirtschäftlicher Schlepper (LaS, industrial tractor) 100, as it was against the Treaty of Versailles for Germany to develop tanks.^2,8,9 In 1938 they were designated the Panzer II.²

Production

MAN became responsible for chassis and Daimler-Benz for superstructure.⁶ It started being delivered in 1935 but it took 18 months for the design to be finalized and production could increase.

• PzKpfw II:
  • Production: 1935 - ?⁸
  • Manufacturers: FAMO^6,9 of Breslau (1936-43), MIAG^6,9 in Brunswick (1936-40), Wegmann^6,9 of Kassel (1935-41).
• PzKpfw II Ausf L, Luchs: 131⁷
• Geschützwagen II für 15 cm sIG 33: 12
• Panzerbefehlswagen II: 200
• Marder II: 1,217⁷, 1,983²
  • Production: 1942 - 1943²
• Wespe: 683^2,7
  • Production: - 1942⁷ , 1943 - 1944²

Variants

• L.K.A II: Krupp prototype.⁸ Adapted PzKpfw I chassis.⁸
• PzKpfw II Ausf a:
• PzKpfw II Ausf b:
• PzKpfw II Ausf c:
• PzKpfw II Ausf A: Had an angled front hull plate.⁷
• PzKpfw II Ausf B: Larger commander's cupola.⁷
• PzKpfw II Ausf C: Larger commander's cupola.⁷
• PzKpfw II Ausf D: The suspension was a modified Famo/Christie suspension.⁷ The road wheels were larger than previous models.⁷ The suspension turned out to be deficient when going cross country.⁷ They were withdrawn from use and converted to other uses.⁷
• PzKpfw II Ausf E: The suspension was a modified Famo/Christie suspension.⁷ The road wheels were larger than previous models.⁷ The suspension turned out to be deficient when going cross country.⁷ They were withdrawn from use and converted to other uses.⁷
• PzKpfw II Ausf F: Used the same suspension as the PzKpfw II Ausf A, PzKpfw II Ausf B, and PzKpfw II Ausf C.⁷ Armor was thicker.⁷ A revised cupola was installed.⁷
• PzKpfw II Ausf G: Had a stowage bin installed on the rear of the turret.⁷
• PzKpfw II Ausf H:
• PzKpfw II Ausf J: Had a storage bin installed on the rear of the turret.^7,8
• VK1303 Prototype: Revised suspension, interleaved road wheels, and thicker armor.⁷ Was to become the Luchs.⁷
• PzKpfw II Ausf L, SdKfz 123, Luchs (Lynx): Entered service in 1943.⁷ First 100 had 20 mm main armament and a coaxial machine gun.⁷ Next 31 had a 50 mm main gun.⁷
• PzKpfw II Ausf M:
• Flammpanzer II:
• Panzerbefehlswagen II: Command version. 200 Ausf B chassis were modified. The turret was fixed and a small table was installed internally with Fu 2 and Fu 6 radios. 96 were available for the invasion of Poland.
• 5 cm Pak 38⁸, 5 cm PaK38 L/60 auf Fahrestell Panzerkampfwagen II (Sf), 5cm Pak 38 auf Fgst PzKpfw II: Self propelled gun, similar to Marder II, with 50 mm gun.¹ Only prototypes made.⁸
• Marder II, SdKfz 131, Geschützwagen II für 7.5 cm Pak 40/2, Marder II⁷, 7.5 cm Pak 40/2 L/46 on GW II (Ausf A, Ausf B, Ausf C, Ausf F) Marder II (Marten)⁸: From 1942-1943, 1,983 were produced.² Mounted 7.5 cm Pak 40/2 anti-tank gun. 531 converted during 1942 and 1943. Entered service in 1943.⁷ The PzKpfw II Ausf A, Ausf C, and Ausf F were used for conversion.⁷
• 7.62 cm Pak 36(r) L/54 on Gw II (Ausf A, Ausf B, Ausf C, Ausf F) Marder II, SdKfz 131⁸:
• 7.5 cm Pak 40/2 L46 on Gw II (Ausf D, Ausf E), SdKfz 132⁸:
• Marder I, SdKfz 132, PzJäg II Ausf D, für 7.62 cm Pak 36(r)⁷, PzJäg II Ausf E, für 7.62 cm Pak 36(r)⁷, 7.62 cm Pak 36(r) on Gw II (Ausf D, Ausf E) SdKfz 132⁸, 7.62 cm Pak 40(r) on Gw II (Ausf D, Ausf E) SdKfz 132⁸: Mounted captured Soviet 76.2 mm Model 1936 field guns.^7,9 The compartment was open toppped.⁷ Some guns were fitted with muzzle brakes and all the later Pak40(r)s had muzzle brakes.⁸
• Wespe, SdKfz 124, Geschützwagen II für 10.5 cm leFH 18/1 Wespe⁷, 10.5 cm le.F.H. 18/2 on Gw II, Wespe (Wasp) SdKfz 124⁸: From 1943-1944, 683 were produced.² Mounted 10.5 cm le FH 18 M howitzer.⁷ Had a crew of 4.⁷ A few had no main armament and carried ammunition.⁷
• 150 mm sIG33 auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen II (Sf), 15 cm s.I.G.33 on Sf II SdKfz 121⁸, Geschützwagen II für 15 cm sIG 33⁷: 12 were produced from November to December 1941. PzKpfw II Ausf Cs were modified.⁷ Entered service in 1942.⁷ They were greatly overloaded and another model was produced that was slightly longer with another roadwheel.⁷
• Schwimmpanzer II (Schwimmkörper), Amphibious PzKpfw II Ausf A⁷: During the summer of 1940, 50 Schwimmpanzer IIs were converted from PzKpfw IIs.² Was designed for Operation Sea Lion (Seelöwe), the invasion of England.^2,7
  Flotation devices installed to sides and front. All openings were made water tight. In September and October 1940 Armored Battalion A of the 2nd Panzer Regiment in Putlos was used in the conversion. Alkett of Berlin, Bachmann of Ribnitz, and from Sachsenberg of Roslau were asked to design equipment that would allow the speed of 10 kph⁶/6 mph⁶ in water and be able to withstand seas in a wind of force 3-4. 52 of the kits were delivered. The hull was divided into 3 chambers with walls that were made from inflated celluloid bags. A marine propeller was added and was run off the engine via an extension sleeve, universal joint, and shaft. There was a rubber tire placed between the turret and hull. The vehicle would submerge to approximately the top of the track covers. The turret guns could be fired while in the water.
  Used by the 18th Panzer Regiment in the central sector in Russia in 1941.
• Brükenleger: Had a 2 part pivoting bridge. Four were in service with the engineers of the 7th Panzer Division in Belgium and France.
• Pionier-Kampfwagen II (ohne Aufbau): Carrier for engineers, which involved removing turret.
• Panzer Selbstfahrlafette 1c / 5cm PaK38 auf Panzerkampfwagen II (VK901): 2 prototypes were delivered in January 1942, but production was cancelled as the 50 mm gun was unsuitable to battle the tanks that were being faced in 1942.¹
• Bergepanzer: Armored recovery.⁸

Usage

Even with the experiences in France showing that the Pz II was obsolete, an Armor Committee on July 17, 1941, met to determine how to expand the number of panzer divisions to 36 as ordered by Hitler. It was decided that they would need 4,608 Pz IIs, and equally surprising is that production on Pz IIs continued.

Spain

Was used in the Spanish Civil War and it was found that it was outclassed, but the General Staff kept it in production into 1942.

Poland

1,223 were used in the invasion.² 81 were destroyed by Polish forces.² 32 loses were from the 4th Panzer Division that sent them into the suburbs of Warsaw on September 8-9.²

After battle experience in Poland some tanks received 20 mm armor bolted onto the front.²

Norway

16 PzKpfw IIs were with the 40th Panzer Battalion.²

France

For the invasion of France in 1940 there were 955 available.

Most PzKpfw IIs were used in areas that weren't critical.² In the Ardennes, General Heinz Guderian's XIX Panzer Corps had 146 PzKpfw IIs.²

Russia

By July 1, 1941 there were 1,067 and by April 1, 1942, this had gone down to 860.

North Africa

In May 1942, during the battle for Tobruk, there were 50 PzKpfw IIs out of a total of 560 tanks.² There were still 31 at the battle of El Alamein in October 1942.²

Taken off the Frontline

In early 1943, the remaining PzKpfw IIs were withdrawn from frontline units, and deployed in anti-partisan operations and garrison duties.²

Specifications

	Panzerkampfwagen II
Crew	34
Physical Characteristics
Weight
Length w/gun	15.8'4
Length w/o gun
Height	6.5'4
Width	7.3'4
Width over tracks
Ground clearance	13.6"4
Ground contact length	94.5"4
Ground pressure	8.8 psi4
Turret ring diameter
Armament
Main	20 mm KwK 304 20 mm6
OR	20 mm KwK 384
Secondary
MG - coaxial	7.9 mm MG344 7.92 mm MG6
Side arms
Quantity
Main	1809,11
Secondary
MG	1,4259,11
Side arms
Armor Thickness (mm)	Front: 1.2"4 Side: 0.6"4
Hull Front, Upper
Hull Front, Lower
Hull Sides, Upper
Hull Sides, Lower
Hull Rear
Hull Top
Hull Bottom
Turret Front	1.2"4
Turret Sides	0.6"4
Turret Rear
Turret Top
Engine (Make / Model)	Maybach HL 62 Tr4
Bore / stroke
Cooling	Water4
Cylinders	I-64
Capacity
Net HP	140@2,600 rpm4
Power to weight ratio
Compression ratio	6.5:14
Transmission (Type)	Synchromesh, 6 forward, 1 reverse4
Steering	Clutch brake4
Steering ratio
Starter	Electric4
Electrical system	12-volt4
Ignition	Magneto4
Fuel (Type)	Gasoline4
Octane
Quantity	45 gallons (27 in tank #1, 18 in tank #2)4
Road consumption	3 mpg4
Cross country consumption	2 mpg4
Performance
Traverse	Hand4
Speed - Road	25 mph4
Speed - Cross Country
Range - Road	130 miles4
Range - Cross Country	99 miles4
Turning radius
Elevation limits
Fording depth	36.4"4
Trench crossing	5.9'4
Vertical obstacle	16.5"4
Climbing ability	37° (70%) slope4
Suspension (Type)	Quarter elliptic spring4
Wheels each side	54
Return rollers each side
Tracks (Type)	Dry pin4
Length
Width	11.8"4
Number of links	1054
Pitch	3.6"4
Tire tread
Track centers/tread	6.2'4